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- ALBEBRA, A SKILL-ORIENTED APPROACH
- and
- MATHEMATICS, BASIC SKILLS
-
- Historical Note
-
-
- Educational software is rarely commercially successful;
- serious stuff; almost never so. For this reason and because
- I am a man of advanced years, I have decided to designate
- the software, (short title, "Skill-Oriented Algebra," [SOA]),
- and "Mathematics, Basic Skills," (MBS), FREEWARE. Both program
- groups produce printed exercises designed for direct use by
- classroom students. Teachers may use photo-copies to supply
- exercises for an entire class. Answers are provided and
- reflect accepted, in-class formats.
-
-
- Both packages have been very useful. "Skill-Oriented
- Algebra," grew out of the repeated failure on my part and on
- the part of my associates, to teach elementary algebra to normal,
- public high school students. In each school -- and I have taught
- in many -- only a small handful of students could absorb the
- text-based course. It is a problem that is substantially
- universal, and until now, knew of no rational solution.
-
- I am a retired military officer with a background in
- engineering and contract management for development and test
- programs. When a problem exists, I automatically make the
- attempt at analysis first, followed by a proposed rectifica-
- tion, and then test. I determined that modern public school
- students are unprepared for the concepts and techniques of
- algebra. Most could not even perform satisfactorily in
- elementary school arithmetic. I proposed to tackle both
- problems simultaneously with a course specifically designed for
- our "substandard" students.
-
- Course content was pared to the essentials and sequenced
- in such a manner as to avoid overwhelming students at the start;
- then gradually -- in degrees -- "upgrade" their arithmetic skills
- while instructing the concepts and drilling the techniques of
- algebra. Four years of test followed in a minority populated
- public school in suburban Phoenix, Arizona. This proved -- or
- at least, demonstrated conclusively -- the efficacy of the
- proposed "solution."
-
- "Mathematics, Basic Skills," (MBS), grew out of a similar
- situation encountered during a brief sojourn in a small junior
- high school. This school was a "low socio-economic unit" and
- rated 29th in basic arithmetic skills in a district containing
- twenty-nine schools. My first year there, another school
- joined the district, after which we were rated 30th. It was an
- insupportable situation.
-
- Fortunately, there was a benefactor: Honeywell Corporation
- of Phoenix, Arizona. Recognizing that we had a programmer
- aboard, they contributed equipment, communications, and central
- processor time on their new series 2,000 computer.
-
-
- A few abortive attempts were made at "interaction" programs,
- after which MBS was developed and through the use of Honeywell-
- provided Western Union teletypes and Ditto facsimile, a program
- of directed drill and practice was employed to upgrade our stu-
- dents. Using the techniques of Operant Psychology, involving
- black stars and gold stars and eventually candy; there was
- produced a student body so adept at arithmetic and elementary
- mathematics, that they rose in that one year to the virtual top
- of the district. Standardized tests produced no final "victor;"
- but our school rated "second" in one category and "fifth" in the
- one other. I don't believe more than one or two other schools
- had overall ratings as high as ours.
-
- Over the years, both SOA and MBS have undergone many
- modifications as students and associates offered suggestions
- and improvements. Programming progressed from Time Share Basic
- through Commodore Business Machines programming, to "Apple" and
- now, finally, to IBM PC & Compatibles.
-
- A. DATTORE
- CompuServe
- 75222,1254
-
- Alfred D'Attore
- 1300 South Farm View Drive
- Apartment B-21
- Dover, Delaware 19904
- USA
-